The USAID-funded TRAction Project awarded funding in March 2011 to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) to conduct research on maternal health, newborn/child health, nutrition, population/family planning/reproductive health, and tuberculosis in Bangladesh. The research aims to identify programmatic gaps in these areas, and develop interventions to address the identified gaps. This Fact Sheet provides a brief background of the situation in Bangladesh and an overview of ICDDR,B’s research.